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Amongst the works of Aristotle, the Nicomachean Ethics stands virtually alone in speaking not only to classicists, historians of ideas, and technical philosophers, but to anyone trying to make sense of practical human ideals. In this major new presentation, Aristotle's most engaging work has been freshly translated by Christopher Rowe into perspicuous English. Sarah Broadie's accompanying commentary brings out the subtlety of Aristotle's thought as it develops line by line. (Such close exegesis is indispensable for anyone who seeks a more than superficial understanding of Artistotle's text.) Additionally, a substantial introductory section by Sarah Broadie sets out the main themes and interpretative problems in preambles to each of Aristotle's ten Books. This scholarly and instructive treatment of Aristotle's great work of moral philosophy assumes no knowledge of Greek and will be invaluable to students reading Aristotle's text for the first time. Its emphasis on understanding the import of the text at every point will make this an equally indispensable resource for advanced students and scholars.
On the Soul is a foundational exploration of the nature of life, perception, and intellect within the framework of Aristotle's philosophical system. In this treatise, Aristotle investigates what it means to be alive, examining the soul as the principle of life that animates all living beings, from plants to humans. He critiques prior theories, such as those of Plato, and establishes his own conception of the soul as inseparable from the body, defining it as the form and essence that enables life's functions. Through detailed analysis of faculties such as nutrition, sensation, imagination, and thought, On the Soul delves into themes of perception, cognition, and the hierarchy of life. Aristotle articulates the distinctions between the vegetative, sensitive, and rational souls, culminating in his examination of the intellect (nous) as the highest faculty, capable of abstract thought beyond material conditions. Since its composition, On the Soul has been regarded as a cornerstone of Western philosophy and psychology. Its exploration of universal questions about life, consciousness, and knowledge has influenced centuries of scientific and philosophical inquiry, from medieval scholastics to modern cognitive science. The treatise continues to resonate for its systematic and analytical approach to understanding life and mind. Its enduring relevance lies in its capacity to illuminate the complex relationships between body and soul, perception and reality, and thought and being. By examining the nature of life itself, On the Soul invites readers to reflect on the foundations of existence, consciousness, and what it means to be human.
Metaphysics is a foundational examination of reality, existence, and being, forming the cornerstone of Western philosophical thought. Aristotle systematically investigates the principles and causes underlying all things, aiming to understand what it means for something to exist. The work explores concepts such as substance, form, matter, potentiality, and actuality, providing a framework to analyze change, identity, and the nature of being itself. Since its composition, Metaphysics has been celebrated for its rigorous analysis and profound influence on both philosophical and theological traditions. Its exploration of universal themes such as the nature of reality, the structure of knowledge, and the search for first principles has ensured its place as a cornerstone of philosophical literature. The clarity and depth of Aristotle's arguments continue to challenge and inspire thinkers, shaping metaphysical inquiry across centuries. The treatise's enduring relevance lies in its ability to pose fundamental questions about existence and knowledge that remain unresolved and ever-pertinent. By examining the essential structures of reality and the conditions for understanding, Metaphysics invites readers to reflect on the deepest aspects of being and the foundational principles that govern all that is.
The writings of Greek philosopher ARISTOTLE (384BC322Bestudent of Plato, teacher of Alexander the Greatare among the most influential on Western thought, and indeed upon Western civilization itself. From theology and logic to ethics and even biology, there is no area of human knowledge that has not been touched by his thinking. In The Metaphysicsconsidered by many the greatest works not just of Aristotle but of the entire discipline of philosophythe philosopher explores the most fundamental of questions: What is existence? Why does anything exist? How can we comprehend being? What is infinity? Is there a god? With these questions, and the answers he found, Aristotle exerted a powerful sway on thinkers, scientists, artists, and writers for centuries, and continues to do so today. Students and armchair philosophers will find this a demanding but satisfying read.
In many fields of knowledge Aristotle was and is today an outstanding figure. He possessed the acutest powers of observation and analysis, and he applied the systematic method of definition and classification to the study of biology, physics, logic, ethics, metaphysics and literature. His writings, however, at least in the form in which they have come down to us, are far from systematic in arrangement and far from clear in exposition. The discrepancy between his scientific method and his literary manner is probably to be explained on the hypothesis that the notes, on which his lectures at the Academy were based, were published in the form in which they were found after his death. The Poetics is a case in point. The arrangement of the argument is often haphazard. For example, a technical term is frequently used in one chapter and defined in a subsequent chapter; literary forms, such as tragedy and epic, are distinguished from one another, but the treatment of them is intermingled; and the summary of contents does not correspond in order to the unfolding of the argument. In consequence, the treatise is often confusing to the scholar and to the layman. In this version the text has been so rearranged that it makes the argument clear. The style of Aristotle is direct, concise and close to the ordinary speech of his day. The style of the translation by professor Hammond is intended to be similar. Aristotle's method of exposition is marked in detail by some idioms of connection and arrangement which are alien to us. In the translation these idioms of exposition have been abandoned, and the normal practice of our day has been adopted.
As we see that every city is a society, and every society Ed. is established for some good purpose; for an apparent [Bekker 1252a] good is the spring of all human actions; it is evident that this is the principle upon which they are every one founded, and this is more especially true of that which has for its object the best possible, and is itself the most excellent, and comprehends all the rest.
The Incompleteness of the Ethics.
1. The importance of distinguishing the principles of nature